Electron Paramagnetic Resonance-EPR

PV Material and devices processing Equipment

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a spectroscopic tool for the study of materials containing unpaired electron spins (e.g. organic radicals, free charge carriers, semiconductor defect states or transition metal ions). The amplitude of the EPR signal is in many cases directly proportional to the number of unpaired electron spins in the material. This allows quantification the number of defects and impurities in the material to be quantified.Advanced EPR methods are capable of providing detailed insight into the physical properties of the paramagnetic state under investigation e.g.: atomic and electronic structure, oxidation state as well as defect distributions in the materia